Advanced Cancer Biology
Welcome to Advanced Cancer Biology Course!
This course will guide participants through the fascinating process of DNA replication, a fundamental mechanism ensuring genetic continuity in all living cells. We will explore the experimental discoveries that confirmed the semiconservative nature of replication, the molecular machinery involved, and the step-by-step process of DNA synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Key topics include replication origins, polymerases, proofreading mechanisms, and the challenges of replicating chromosome ends. By the end of the course, participants will have a thorough understanding of how DNA faithfully replicates and the critical enzymes that drive this essential process.
Why take this course?
- Learn step-by-step how DNA replicates, ensuring genetic continuity in all living organisms.
- Explore the key enzymes and molecular mechanisms involved in replication.
- Understand the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.
- Discover the challenges of telomere replication and the role of telomerase in chromosome stability.
- Essential for anyone studying cell biology, genetics, or molecular medicine.
Course Content
Importance of Genetic Continuity
Semiconservative Replication
DNA Synthesis Mechanisms
Semiconservative Replication
Conservative Replication
Dispersive Replication
The Meselson–Stahl Experiment
Isotopes in DNA Replication
Buoyant Density Centrifugation
Taylor–Woods–Hughes Experiment
Autoradiography and Replication Evidence
Origin of Replication (oriC)
Bidirectional Replication
Bidirectional Replication
DNA Polymerases I, II, III, IV, and V
The DNA Pol III Holoenzyme
Sliding DNA Clamp
DNA Helicase and Unwinding of the Helix
Single-Stranded Binding Proteins (SSBs)
DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerases
RNA Primers and Primase Activity
Continuous and Discontinuous DNA Synthesis
Okazaki Fragments and Lagging Strand
The Role of the Holoenzyme in Synthesis
The Donut-Shaped Sliding DNA Clamp
Error Rate in DNA Polymerase III
Exonuclease Activity in Proofreading
Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Replication
Multiple Replication Origins in Eukaryotes
Role of Origin Recognition Complex (ORC)
Cell-Cycle Kinases and Replication Control
Polymerase Switching Mechanism
Role of Telomeres in Stability and Replication
Telomerase Function and Structure (TERC & TERT)
Prevention of Chromosome Shortening
Who Should Enroll?
- Students in molecular biology, genetics, and medicine who want to master DNA replication.
- Researchers and professionals working in genomics, biotechnology, and bioinformatics.
- Science educators and teachers looking for a structured way to explain DNA replication.
- Anyone interested in the molecular basis of heredity and cell division.

Mohmed Abdalfttah
InstructorPhD Candidate
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